I HATE LUV STORIES

STORIES:

'
I hate luv storys' is the saying of Jay lives. But as an assistant director to veer, the most famed romantic filmmaker of Indian Film Industry, Jay has little option but to live with larger than life, silky, cinematic love on an everyday basis. Things only get worse when he is made to work under the new production designer on the film… Simran, with whom he shares the strangest first encounter!

Simran loves luv storys; So much so that even her life has begun to resemble one. With her ideal job and the perfect boyfriend, Raj, she lives a blissful, pensive life; One that is rudely broken up with Jay's distrust.

The turmoil's of Jay and Simran’s life is satirically interwoven with the Luv Story that they are working on…. But will Jay and Simran ever find their own Luv Story – go find it out in a theatre near you on 2nd July???

EXPECTATIONS:

My best music director-duo in Bollywood, Vishal-Shekhar, giving a ton of mind-blowing songs in past got disappeared after "Aladin". After a long period, they come back again with "I Hate Luv Storys". So,all eyes were on this album release. Finally, songs came out but in an unexpected manner(Before music release), Piracy Zindabad, ya?. Let's come to the music, it will surely burn the dance floors this year with its title track. Other tracks are also very appraisal. 4 romantic tracks, 2 sad tracks and 1 techno track which is the title song itself - adds up to one of the authentic albums of this year named "I Hate Luv Storys".

SONGS:

  I HATE LUV STORYS:

The Title track of the movie which is purely against love indicating to the mentality of the hero, Imran Khan. Peppy Music, Great Vocal by Vishal Dadlani, Non-Romantic Lyrics by Kumaar. This song has everything what it needs to be a superhit. so, nothing more to say.

Director: Punit Malhotra

Producer: Karan Johar, Hiroo Yash Johar, Ronnie Screwvala

Music: Vishal-Shekhar

Main Cast: Imran Khan, Sonam Kapoor, Sameer Dattani, Samir Soni...  

Genre: Drama, Romance

Banner: Dharma Prod Intl., UTV Motion Pictures

Release: Jul 02, 2010

Website: http://www.ihateluvstorys.com/

Review: just seen half of it but it made remarkable impact!

GOOD NIGHT SMS COLLECTION

 GOOD NIGHT SMS

Chamkte chand ko nind aane lagi.
Aapki khushi se duniya jagmgane lagi,
Dekh ke Aapko har kali gungunane lagi,
Ab to fekate fekate muje bhi nind aane lagi.
GooD NiGhT.

Dipak me itna noor na hota.
Tanha dil majbur na hota,
Hum aapko GOOD NIGHT kahne jarur aate,
Agar aapka ghar itna door na hota.
GooD NiGht.

Never blame a day in ur life.
Good days give u happiness.
Bad days give u experience.
Both are essential in life!
All are Gods blessings!
Good night.
Art of living:
First of all,dont make friends.
If made,dont go close to them.
If gone,dont like them.
If liked,then plz.. Dont leave them.
Good Night, sweet dreams…

Since ur eyes are looking tired,
Let ur eye lashes hug each other for few hours.
Happy journey into the world of dreams.
Sweet dreamz…
Gudnite to u dear.

A famous writer said “Love is like a long sweet dream”
And “marriage is an alarm clock.”
So have a sweet dream till ur alarm wakes you up!

Look outside its so romantic…
The cloud is hugging you,
With a cold wind,
The star singing for you,
The moon dancing for you,
Because i invite them all to wish you,
Good Night, Have a lovely Dreams and Sleep Well.

Night is longer than day for those who DREAM
& day is longer than night for those who make their DREAMS come true.
Good Night & Sweet Dreams

Hi Moon!!! Dim Ur light…
Hello Wind!!! Breeze Soft…
Hi Flower!!! Blossom Slowly.
Hello Earth!!! Spin Gently….’
Coz My sweet friend is going to sleep….Good Night…..

(>"*"<)
( - , - ) zzz---
(">--<")---Sshh...... its only me putting a blanket on u so that u wont get cold, have a warm & nice sleep! GOOD NIGHT

Take it Light G,
Miss Me Slight G,
Never Do Fight G,
Have Fun Might G,
Eat Good Diet G,
Try Flying a Kite G,
Be Always Happy Right G,
& G0o0d Night G,



Hi Moon! Dim your light..
Hello Wind! Breeze soft..
Hi Flower! Blossom slowly..
Hello Earth! Spin gently.
Because my friend is going to sleep.
Good Night sweet dreams.

G-o to bed O-ff the lights O-ut of tensions
D-reams come N-ice sleep I-gnore worries
G-et up early H-ave a nice day T-hank God always


As the day turns into night,
keep your worries out of sight.
Close your eyes and go to sleep,
All the good times are yours to keep.
Sweetest dreams & Good Night

What a pity! I’m not at your place!
Miles separate me from you
This night in my dreams I’ll see your face
Good night, my angel, I hope you miss me too!


Nobody teaches Sun to rise, Fish to swim, birds to fly, Plant to grow, Child to cry,& Nobody teaches a heart to choose a friend like U....Good Night...

Sonewale Yatri Kripya dhyan de. GUD 9T XPRESS apke mobile k platform per aa chuki hi passenger se gujarish hi ki ve SWEET DREAM k sath so jay.

It is very special today to say good night
because it is last night of the year.
I wish that God also forgive
all of our sins and mistakes.
So that we enter New Year in refined and innocent form.
Good night.

On this night as i lie on my bed,i just cant stop thinking about u my LOVE.May u have a blessed & a beatiful
GUD NITE.

Hide my tears when I say your name,
But the pain in my heart is still the same.
Although I smile & seem carefree,
There’s no one who miss you more than me.
Good Night & Sweet Dream

As a day turns into night, Keeping worries out of site….. No matter how tuf world may seem, But……. U still deserve the sweetest dream tonight… GOOD NIGHT!!!!

G -o to Bed
O -ff the lights
O -ut of tension
D -reams come,
O -ut of tension
D -reams come
H -ave a nice thought
T -hank the GOD

May be u are busy or tired by the end of the day, just wana tell you 143, GOOD NIGHT before I sleep.

Hey u!!!
Yes u...
the cute one...
holding this
phone!
are you asleep?
Juste wanted 2 say
Good Night..!

Close your eyes,
Concentrate your mind &
Pray to god about the things
That you want most.
GOD must fulfill your prayer...
Have a nice sleep...

Do not count what u have lost.
Just see what u have now,
Because past never comes back
But sometimes future can give
U back ur lost things! `good night`.

Let the most beautiful dream come to u tonight,
Let the sweetest person come in ur dream tonight….
But dont make it a habit bcoz I m not free every night.
Goodnight

When an angel came to me,
He asked: “What is your wish for tonight?”
I said “Please take care of the person
who’s reading this message.”
Good night!

Dreaming of you makes my night worthwhile,
Thinking of you makes me smile,
Being with you is the best thing ever,
And loving you is what I’ll do forever..
Good night

GOOD NIGHT SMS IN TAMIL

Nilavin oliyil neengal uranga
Vinmeen unnai knadu kan simitta
Thendral unakku thaalaattu paada.
Iniya kanavugalludan neenga kannuranga.
GOOD NIGHT

Bus asked to electric train : Eppadi Machan Fasta Porea….? Train Replied : Poda Goiyaala current Kambiya Pidichi Paaru Theriyum..!! Good night

STYLES OF SAYING GOODNIGHT
Styles of Saying
Good Night
Dad-Good Night Son
Friend-Good Night Daa
Girl Friend-Good Night Dear
Lover-Good Night Jaanu
Our Mom-Susu Karke
Sona Beta
Mummy Rockz
 
DREAM SMS
Take this kiss upon the brow! And, in parting from you now,
Thus much let me avow–
You are not wrong who deem
That my days have been a dream;
Yet if hope has flown away
In a night, or in a day,
In a vision, or in none,
Is it therefore the less gone?
All that we see or seem
Is but a dream within a dream…

FUNNY GOOD NIGHT SMS

Have you ever thought while you sleeping,
if the fan breaks and falls on your head.
or lizards climb up ur bed and starts walking on ur neck.
or a green snake goes into ur nose,
or a cockroach goes through your mouth and comes out through your ears….
anyhow sleep peacefully, GOOD NIGHT

CUTE GOOD NIGHT SMS

I pray you lay in rest,
And may tomorrow bring you
Much love and happiness.
Do not think of me…
I m in ur eyes, in ur heart
Good Night
Art of living:
First of all,don’t make friends.
If made,don’t go close to them.
If gone,don’t like them.
If liked,then plz.. Don’t leave them.
Good Night, sweet dreams…
Life May Be Hard
Not Always Fun
When Night Brings Dark
Morning Brings Sun
When Life Seems
Tough
&
Nobody Seems To Care
Dil Se Yaad Krna
I’ll Be Always There
Good Night
Phoolon ki wadi me
Chaand ki chandni me
Raat k saye me
Aap is tarha soye’n
K
Aapki aankhon me
Jo b khwab aaye
Apki aankh khulnay
Sey pehley
Wo tabeer hojae
Gud night
Greet u a sweet night
Just go outside
Or
See through your window
How pleasant scene it is
Just look at moon & Stars,
Feel the cool wind
They all are here to
Greet u a sweet night

GOOD NIGHT POEMS

Some times i sit and look at the stars,
and ill name the brightest one after your name,
because no matter where i go,
or where i am,
there is always some thing that reminds:
the days we laughed and first kissed,
that night at the movies,
all snuggled and sweet.
Because every one knows that we were meant to be together,
that is why i shall wait until your ready to try again,
because your name is with mine,
imprinted in my heart,
and remember when your ready to love
ill be here….

POM!POM!

__/”’|
{ { __|”"”"”"”"”"‘!
‘=@== “”"”"‘@”@”‘
Pom! Pom!
Sorry My Sms Was In Traffic Jam.
So Late To say you
‘GOOD NIGHT’.

MUNNA BHAI STYLE GOOD NIGHT SMS

Ab itni night ko apun tere ko
Kisi film ki kahani sunane
K liye msg to karega nahin.
Common sense ki baat hai k
Tere ko GUD Night bolney ka hai!
Chal ludak le..
Chanda Mama so Gaye,
Student sarey jage.
Dekho pakdo yaron,
Ghadi ke kaante bhaage.
Ek pariksha khatam,to duji
Shuru ho gayi MAAMU.
Abhi bole to bhai ko tere SMS nahi aarele,
Bhai ka khopdi boht tight he,
Bol nikalu kya tera luky draw?
Bole to do-char SMS chipka dal mamu.
Sender… Circuit Bhai!
Bijli + Badal = Savan aya.
Barat + Baja = Dulha aya.
Phool + Nazare = vasant aya.
Aap + Apki hasi = bhago bhago Bhoot aaya

 

Bollywood Mega Star Amitabh Bachchan Disappointed with Ravan

Bollywood Mega Star Amitabh Bachchan, after the release of Abhishek’s Raavan, kicked up a little tempest by express his annoyance about the way the movie has been shortened. According to Amitabh Bachchan, the poor editing affected his son’s act.

“Lot of merited film edited out, causing inconsistent presentation and story. Abhishek’s erratic behavior was due to symbolic 10 heads visually appearing and each giving him different attitudes to adopt for a situation, he would then finally shake them off and decide.”

“.. It’s sad in the edit you only see the after effect of that thinking process, hence inconsistent. In the edit all the visual heads got cut and you see a confused Beera expression and wonder why?” tweeted Bachchan.

However, cinematographer Santosh Sivan and other key group of actors of the film came to the director Mani Ratnam’s defence.

“I personally think everyone has a right to their own opinion. At the end of the day, it’s the director’s call. It’s a different view point he has taken on ‘Raavanan’ which is a huge hit in the South,” said Sivan.

Vikram, who acts in both Hindi and Tamil versions, said that interview will moderator whether the movie is good or not.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN INDIA

INTRODUCTION:

A career in foreign language is an attractive proposition, for those who have a flair for languages. In the current era of globalization and industrialization, difference in language is an obstacle in communication. Keeping this fact in mind various institutions have started offering foreign language courses. Skills in foreign languages like French, German, Russian, Chinese and more recently Japanese, Spanish and Korean are in great demand. Language skill is very essential in the professions like travel and tourism industry, hotels, business etc. India is rapidly progressing in the field of foreign languages. Multinational companies have started investing in the Indian market in huge proportions. These MNCs needs their reports, transactions and other documents to be translated. This is another reason why foreign language courses are gaining in popularity.

QUALIFICATION:   

       

There are several universities and other institutes offering courses on foreign languages. The major languages on which these courses are offered are French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Persian and Chinese. However, candidates need to satisfy the eligibility criteria for getting admission to the courses available.

DIPLOMA COURSE & DEGREE COURSES:

Some institutes offer both basic and advanced level courses such as postgraduate and PhD, some of them extending upto 5-6 years.

The eligibility for certificate and degree courses is 10+2. In most of the places eligibility for the diploma course is the certificate course in that language. JNU is a major institution conducting language courses. For Japanese, there is a language proficiency test conducted by the Mombusho Scholars Association and Alliance Française is the centre for conducting various French tests like the TEF ( required by the Canadian High Commission), the TCF, DELF /DALF tests and diplomas delivered by the French Ministry of Education.

THE COURSES & THEIR DETAILS ARE-

•    Bachelor's degree course in foreign language, Duration: 3 years, Eligibility: candidates must have completed their 10+2 examination in any stream.

•    Integrated Master's course in Foreign Languages, duration: 5 years, Eligibility: undergraduate or graduate candidates can apply.

•    Diploma or Certificate courses. Duration: 6 months - 1 year, Eligibility: 10+2

•    M.A, Duration: 2 years, Eligibility: graduation in the language applied for.

•    M.Phil, Eligibility: M.A in the language applied for

•    Ph.D, Eligibility: M.A in the language applied for.

THE VARIOUS INSTITUTION OFFERING THESE COURSES ARE-

•    School of Languages - Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

•    Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages (CIEFL) - Hyderabad

•    Benaras Hindu University - Varanasi

•    University of Delhi - New Delhi

•    Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Jawaharlal Nehru Academy of Languages - New Delhi

•    Alliance Francasie - 15 branches across the country.

•    Max Mueller Bhavan- major metros.

•    Indo - Italian Chamber of Commerce - Mumbai

•    Japanese Information and Cultural Center - New Delhi

•    Ram Krishna Mission - Kolkata

•    Indo-Japan Chamber Of Commerce & Industry, No.21, K.B. Dasan Road, Teynampet, Chennai - 600 018

•    Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune

•    Rajasthan University, Jaipur, Rajasthan

FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSES IN INDIA:

Due to vast scope in foreign language courses, plenty of students opt for courses in various languages. Some of the major languages that are taught in India are French, Italian, German, Spanish, Japanese, Arabic, Russian, Chinese and Persian. Bachelor's degree course in foreign language is 3-year full time program. The candidate should have completed 10+2 in any discipline. Integrated Master's course in foreign languages is the five years program. The graduate or undergraduate students can apply for the course. Diploma or Certificate courses of 6 months to 1 year are also available. After completion of bachelor's course, one can progress for M.A. M.Phil and Ph.D program in foreign language.

SCOPE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSES IN INDIA:

Career in foreign languages is a good choice for a bright future. India has many well-established international companies. These companies require foreign language expertise for transactions, reporting and translation of documents. Due to amazing scope of foreign language courses, they are gaining tremendous popularity among the people. Knowledge of foreign language is considered as an additional qualification. Once the individual gets trained in foreign languages, many job opportunities in different fields are waiting for him. The employment options are available in teaching, diplomatic services, travel and tourism, air hostesses and flight stewards, interpreters, translators in Government sectors, industries and Research Organizations, in hotels, multi-national companies and as Public Relation Officers.

JOB PROSPECTUS & CAREER OPTION:

Job prospects vary from secretarial, executive and public relation assignments as for translation and interpretation jobs.

REMUNERATION:

 Scales of pay vary with the kind and the place of work.

Chartered Accountants in India

 

Introduction:

 

Chartered Accountants are industrious and intelligent beings. If you find yourself industrious as well as intelligent, you are perhaps the right person to go for it. All the countries have their own Accountancy Association which regulates the quality and quantity of these professionals. In India it is the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) which does the job of regulating the profession of Charted Accountancy. It was set up under the Chartered Accountancy Act of 1949.

Who is a Chartered Accountant?

On successful completion of these courses one can apply for membership to the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. The Accountant becomes chartered only after acquiring its membership. A Chartered Accountant is a privileged one over the ordinary ones. 

 
Courses in Chartered Accountancy:

The courses offered in Chartered Accountancy are a blend of theoretical education and practical training. The theoretical part includes the passing of PE-1 PE-2 and Final part. Students are also expected to go through a two and a half years of practical training and 15 days course on General management and Communication skills.

It is essential for the candidates to register with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India to appear for the examination. The minimum period for each level of study is 10 months. Exams are held twice a year.
 

Eligibility: 

 

A candidate who has  passed the Senior Secondary Examination (10+2) or waiting for the 10+2 exam results can register for the CA programme.

CA programme is of two years apart from the training period. It has three sections, Competency Professional Test (CPT), Professional Competency Course (PCC) and Professional Competency Examination, the Final examination.
The entrance Examination for the Charted accountants, Competency Professional Test, CPT that was earlier known as Professional Education exam PE1 is conducted by the institute once in a quarter. The four-hour examination paper of 400 marks consists of four subjects namely fundamentals of accounting, mercantile law, general economics and quantitative attitudes. Minus mark is also applicable in the examination.
Competency Professional Test (CPT)

Anyone who has a 10 + 2 can enroll for the Competency Professional Test (CPT). A student who have passed the 10th examination can also register with CPT but could write the exam only after the Plus Two examination. Duration of the course is 10months. Graduates who doesn't have the request percentage of marks have to do the Competency Professional Test . The registration for CPT is open throughout the year. A student may register at any time during the year. The exam will be held twice a year in May and November. Students have to ensure their registration at least 10 months before the examination. The application for registration should reach the office of the institute on or before 30th of June and for November Examination on or before 31st December of the preceding year.
 

A candidate is declared successful in Competency Professional Test (CPT), if he/she secures an aggregate of 50% of the total marks in all the papers subject to a minimum of 40% marks in each paper.

Subjects for Professional course I:

Paper 1- Fundamentals of Accounting
Paper 2 - Mathematics & Statistics
Paper 3 -  Economics
Paper 4 - Business Communication and Organization and Management

Registration for Competency Professional Test (CPT):
Eligible candidates have to forward their application for registration along with a crossed demand draft for the requisite amount (registration and tuition fee) drawn in favour of Secretary, The Institute of Chartered Accounts of India payable at the respective places where the Offices of the Institute are located.

Professional Competency Course (PCC) :

The CA Programme is mainly divided into Professional Competency Course and Final course. After completing the CPT or graduation with required marks one can go for Professional Competency Course (PCC). The registration for PCC is open throughout the year. A student may register at any time during the year. The exam will be held twice a year in May and November, it is necessary that a student must register at least ten months before the examinations.

Subjects for Professional Competency Course (PCC):

 
The Professional Competency Examination has two groups that consists of three papers each (i.e total 6 papers) and each paper consist 100 marks each.

Group I 

 
Paper 1 -  Accounting
Paper 2 - Auditing
Paper 3 - Business and Corporate  Laws

Group II 

 
Paper 4 - Cost Accounting and Financial Management
Paper 5 - Income Tax & Central Sales Tax
Paper 6 - Information Technology
 

The student should get 40% mark minimum with an aggregate of 50% in a group. Along with PCE one has to under go 100 hours training in Information Technology, i.e the computer training programme as specified by the council. The candidate can register as an articled clerk with a firm of chartered accountants for undergoing practical training and simultaneously as a student with the Board of Studies for theoretical education. The candidate is a trainee for a period of three years. During this period he gets thorough knowledge of the various fields in which a Chartered Accountant can render services. During this period the articled clerk will also need to continue studies for the CA exam.
 

Final Course:
 

The candidate could register as a final student and write the final exam once they passed the PCE and the Information Technology training. The final examination also has similar type of papers of two groups, four papers each
Subjects for Final Course

Group I

Paper 1 - Advanced Accounting
Paper 2 - Management Accounting & Financial Analysis
Paper 3 - Advanced Auditing
Paper 4 - Corporate Laws & Secretarial Practice

Group II 

 
Paper 5 - Cost Management
Paper 6 - Management Information and Control Systems
Paper 7 - Direct Taxes
Paper 8 - Indirect Taxes
 

The person should get minimum of 40% mark with an aggregate of 50% in a group and once the final examination and article ship completed, the Charted accountant should under go a communication and management course that would help him for better communication. On successful completion of the Final examination one becomes the member of the Institute. Member of the Institute may either practice as a Chartered Accountant on his own or go for employment.

TENNIS

Introduction:

The rules in tennis are attractive simple which is one of the chief reasons why it is such a famous sport. The tennis court is rectangular in shape - 78 feet long and 27 feet wide. The court is divided into two equal halves courtesy a net suspended from a cord or metal cable whose diameter shouldn’t exceed 0.8 cm. The ends of the cord are attached to the top of two posts, the diameter of which should not exceed 15 cm. Also, the posts should not be more than 2.5 cm above the top of the net cord. Centers of the post are 3 feet outside the court on both sides while the height of the posts is such that the top of the cord or metal cable is 3 feet 6 inches above the ground. A tennis court has sidelines plus a baseline at the end. A line that is 21ft from the net and similar to the net decides the service area. As per the rule, if any ball hits the line, it counts as in.

There are two main forms of the tennis: Singles and Doubles. The resistance players stand at the two ends of the net and use a racket to hit the tennis ball. The players have to try and hit the ball back into the opposition’s court before it bounces for a second time. The ball has to be hit above the net but should land inside the opponent’s court. In case none of the above happens, the other player wins a point. The players have to try and win maximum number of points, games and sets so that he or she ends up victorious. In order to win a set, the players need to win six games and lead by two clear games. E.g.: You win a set if you are leading 6-4 or 7-5. In case the score line is 6-6, then a tiebreak is held to decide the result of the set. In women’s tennis, there are best of three sets while in most men’s tournaments, matches are best of five affairs. (In some select tournaments, even men’s games are best of played over three sets.

Singles Tennis: 

One of the players serves first and the other returns. Opponents swap serve interchange ends after every game. A toss of a coin takes place to decide who serves first and who returns. The player who wins the toss has the following options: 

To serve first and let the opponent choose the ends 

To receive first and let the opponent choose ends 

The winner can decide which half of the court he/she wants to start the match from. In such a scenario, the opponent has a choice to serve or receive 

The winner of the toss can also ask the opponent to decide whether he/she wants to serve or receive.

Doubles Tennis: 

The court for doubles tennis is wider as compared to singles, where any of the two players can hit the ball. The serve is on a rotational basis, which means a player serves every fourth game. The chronology of serving and receiving can be changed after a set comes to an end. The partners of server and receiver have the option to stand at any place on the court during the course of a serve. At the time of the game, it is better though for the four players to stand at each side of the court.

Tennis Officials: 

Tennis officials have the responsibility of keep a tab on the score line and adjudicating whether a ball is in or out. A senior umpire sitting on a chair adjacent to the net announces the points won. He has the authority to overrule decisions made the other officials. The line judges make a decision whether a ball is in or out. He sits outside the court and keeps a close watch at the court lines. Since the last two decades, an electronic machine has aided the line judge. This is chiefly since players have begun serving at a speed of 100 mph. A net-cord judge establishes whether a serve has short the net and must be called a let. In case a player picks up a squabble with the officials, he can either be penalized or disqualified depending on the nature of the wrangle. For major disagreements, the match judge can be brought into play. Referee otherwise watches the game from the stands.

Websites for Cricket

 

IndianAttackCricketers.BlogSpot.Com



BuzzInTown.Com

ChennaiSuperKings.Com

Cricinfo.Com

CricketNext.In.Com

DelhiDareDevils.Com

IplT20.Com

IplT20.Net

IndiaFocus.IndiaInfo.Com

IndianPremierLeague.com

Indianteam.Com

ItsOnlyCricket.Com

MeriNews.Com

MumbaiIndians.Com

RajasthanRoyals.Com

RoyalChallengers.Com

StickSports.Com

Users.Chariot.Net

www.Kxip.In

Gems

Gems have always had a special fascination for mankind. Forthousands of years, gems were worn as charms, or amulets, to protect people form demons and diseases. Some gems were believed to have the power of enabling their owners to foretell the future. Other gems were supposed to be able to tell whether a person was guilty or innocent of a crime. 

In ancient times, gems were distinguished only by their colors. The name "ruby" was given to all precious stone of a red hue. All green stones were called "emeralds." And all those of blue were called "sapphires."

Later on it was discovered that some gems were harder than others and endured longer. So it came about that the value of a gem depended not only on its color, brilliancy, and rarity, but also on its hardness. Diamonds for instance, are today considered the most precious of gems because, besides their beauty, they are the hardest of all stones.

All the gems are called "precious stones." But strictly speaking, the word "precious" is used only for the four most valuable stones, the diamond, the ruby, the emerald and the sapphire. The other valuable stones are "semi-precious,"and these include opals, amethysts and topazes. Many of the precious and semi-precious stones are close relations.

The diamond, the most precious gem, is also the simplest. It is composed of one element, pure carbon. Rubies and sapphires are varieties of a substance called "corundum". Rubies have their carmine color because of small quantities of iron in the corundum. And the presence of various oxides make sapphires bright blue or velvet blue.

A great many of the most beautiful gems are made of combinations of a substance called "silicate." Topaz and tourmaline are members of the silicate group. Garnets and jade are also silicates. Some of the less costly gems belong to the quartz group, which is pure silica. A methyst is one of these. The opal is silica containing five to ten per cent of water. The opal, by the way, is one of the few precious stones which are supposed to bring evil to those who possess it. Even today, many people will not wear opals because of this ancient superstition.

Science today is beginning to learn how to manufacture precious stones artificially. This includes diamonds, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires. These are not imitations; they are actually the same as the natural stone, only they are being produced in laboratories!

SHAHID KAPOOR

KATRINA KAIF

Katrina Kaif's mother is English and father a NRI originally from Kashmir. Katrina Kaif was born in Hong Kong, (Katrina Kaif birthday is July 16, 1984) grew up in Hawaii and London. Sexy Katrina Kaif has seven sisters.

She was dating actor Salman Khan and they are no more dating now. Her name was added with Bollywood actor John Abraham also.

When Katrina Kaif was doing modeling in London, she came to the notice of filmmaker Kaizad Gustad and snapped an important role in his film ‘Boom’.

Katrina then decided to take acting as her full-fledged career and shifted her base to Mumbai. With her gorgeous face and hourglass figure, Katrina was flooded with modeling assignments in Mumbai. However, filmmakers were hesitant to sign her because of her linguistic shortcomings.